Ernest Nagel, Bertrand Russell, Alfred Jules Ayer, Rudolf Carnap, Michael Scriven, Jaakko Hintikka, Norwood Russell Hanson, Nelson Goodman, Carl Hempel, Baruch A. Brody, نجيب الحصادي, Richard Jeffrey, Max Black, Peter Achinstein, Haskell Fain, Steve Banker, Wesley Salmon, Richard Rudner, Pail Oppenheim, R. B. Braithwaite, Sylrain Brombenger, W. B. Gallie, W. Dray, Richard Grandy, J. W. Walkins, Issac Levi, P. F. Strawson